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Home Electrotherapy

Medium Frequency Currents IFT

by adminp
September 2, 2020
in Electrotherapy
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Medium Frequency Currents IFT it is the medium frequency current in interferential therapy.It is used for significant physiological effects of medium frequency.
—PROPERTIES

  • Frequency ranges from 1 kHz to 100 kHz
  • Longer wavelengths (>10 mm)
  • Effects occur at deeper structures
  • General effects:

◦MFC: blocks pain
◦LFC: nerve stimulation

  • Sample modalities:

◦Electrical stimulators, Didynamics, Biofeedback,
Iontophoresis, TENS, IT—
—ELECTRIC PULSE
A unit of stimulating current
Otherwise known as a PHASE (current phase)
Can be more fully described according to DURATION (pulse duration expressed in seconds), INTENSITY  (current intensity expressed in amperes or volts), and SHAPE (waveform)
—PULSE DURATION

  • Amount of time needed for the rise and fall pattern to occur at a given pulse
  • Expressed in SECONDS (millisecond=ms)

—CURRENT INTENSITY

  • Rate of flow of electrons
  • Usually expressed in AMPERES (milliamperes = mA)

—WAVEFORM

  • Describes the rise-and-fall pattern of a pulse
  • The shape of the waveform reflects the time required for the current to reach the maximum intensity
  • Waveforms with sudden rise in intensity are suitable for innervated muscle
  • Waveforms with slowly rising intensity are best suited for denervated muscle

—FREQUENCY

  • Rate of change of an electrical pulse
  • Expressed in HERTZ (Hz)

—Picture1
Picture2
—
—Therapeutic/Clinical Uses…
Assists in functional training
Assists in muscle force generation and contraction
Decreases unwanted muscle activity
Increases rate of healing of open wounds and soft
tissues
Helps maintain muscle integrity after surgery
Modulates and/or decreases pain
Decreases or eliminates soft tissue swelling,
inflammation, or restriction
—TYPES OF MEDIUM-LOW FREQUENCY CURRENTS
1)Direct Currents
2)Alternating Currents
3)Pulsed Currents
Noted Characteristics…
—QUANTITATIVE:
◦ Frequency (Hz)
◦ Pulse duration
—QUALITATIVE:
◦ Number of PHASES
◦ Shape and symmetry of WAVEFORMS
—Picture3
—Direct Current
—Refers to a current passing continuously in the same direction (unidirectional current)
Picture4
—Direct Current (cont.)
Synonyms:
◦ Constant Current
◦ Galvanic Current / Galvanism
Galvanic stimulation is useful only for stimulating
denervated muscles
Interrupted Direct Current (IDC) is used to stimulate
innervated muscles
Direct current is also used in IONTOPHORESIS
—Direct Current (cont.)
2 Types of IDC:
1.Long Duration IDC
◦> 1 ms
◦For sensory and motor nerve stimulation (denervated)
2.Short duration IDC (Faradic-Type)
◦< 1 ms
◦For pain control and nerve stimulation (innervated)
Picture5
—Alternating Current
—Defined as continuous or uninterrupted bidirectional flow of charged particles
—Alternating Current (cont.)
2 Types:
1.Sinusoidal Current
◦Evenly alternating sine wave currents of 50 Hz
◦For pain relief, edema, and improvement of circulation
2.Didynamic Current
◦Rectified monophasic sinusoidal current
◦For pain relief, tissue healing, muscle re-education and improvement of circulation
 
—Pulsed Current
Picture6

  • Defined as the uni- or bi-directional flow of charged particles that periodically ceases for a finite period of time

—
INTERFERENTIAL THERAPY (IFT)
—Medium Frequency Currents

  • Medium frequency currents are the currents which has a frequency falling between the range of 1000 to 10000Hz(1 kilohertz to 100 kilohertz)
  • Used therapeutically due to their advantage over the low frequency current
  1. greater penetration,
  2. higher tolerance and

III.  comfort
—INTERFERENTIAL CURRENT
—It is the application of alternating medium frequency currents to produce a low frequency effect for therapeutic purpose.
—Low frequency stimulators have the problem of skin resistance and produce skin irritation(pain).
—High frequency will not stimulate nerve because their pulse duration is less than 0.01msec., having thermal effect.
—To overcome the skin resistance, two medium frequency currents are interfered to produce a low frequency effect.
—Picture7
——PRINCIPLES OF IFT
Z= 1/2FC
Where Z – Impedance (Ohms)
F – Frequency (Hz)
C – Capacity of the skin (microfarads)
Picture9
So the skin resistance reduces with increase in frequency.
——PRINCIPLES OF IFT
—PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT
The physiological effect on the tissues depends upon:
—Frequency
—Use of constant/swing frequency
—Intensity of the current
—Accuracy of electrode placement
—Location of lesion
—Tissue type and underlying pathology.
—THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS
1)Effect on pain:

  • “Analgesic effect of IC”
  • Pain relief due to the following reasons:
  • Effect on the pain gate (90-100Hz)
  • Increased circulation (0-100Hz, 90-100Hz)
  • Physiological block of nerve conduction (above 40 Hz).

—Motor stimulation effect on weak nerve:

  • Innervated muscles are stimulated
  • Both skeletal and smooth muscles are stimulated, which is not possible with faradic currents.
  • Very little sensory stimulation
  • Helpful to stimulate deep muscles (pelvic muscles), rhythmic contraction.

—
2)Effect of edema:
◦Absorption of exudation is possible when using  1- 10 rhythmic and 1- 100 rhythmic.
◦Causing  pumping  action on the muscles
◦Increased blood supply
◦Removal of exudates, swelling and edema.
3)Effect on muscle spasm:

  • Causes muscle relaxation by
  • Increased vaso dilation
  • Removal of pain stimuli
  • Breaks the pain – spasm cycle.—

4)Sympathetic  dysfunction:

  • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy,
  • Shoulder hand syndrome,
  • Neuralgia,
  • Migraine of sympathetic cause and
  • atrophy.
  • (Vaso motor tone is increased due to sympathetic activity)

—INDICATIONS/THERAPEUTIC USES:
—Edema
—Hematoma
—Trigger point
—Stress incontinence
—Degenerative joint diseases
—Muscle spasm
—Venous & lymphatic drainage
—Re-education of deeply situated muscles
—Phantom pain
—Inflammatory conditions
—CONTRA INDICATION:
—Arterial  and venous diseases
—Infective conditions
—Pregnant uterus
—Hemorrhage and menstruation.
—Malignant tissues
—Artificial pacemaker
—Cardiac problems
—Unreliable patient
—Dermatological conditions—

—DANGERS

—Electrical burns: due to bare metal electrodes, skin currents, increased intensity and interference by other modalities.
—Hematoma
— Increased pain
— General malaise
—Nausea
—Vomiting
—Dizziness and faintness
—Neurological defects.
—DOSIOMETRY (Dosage)
Picture10Picture11
Picture12Picture13
Dosage is divided into

  • Low dosage- not felt by the patient
  • Medium dosage – just a noticeable feel
  • High dosage – experience and pleasant
  • Very high dosage – strong vigorous and unpleasant.

Interferential therapy can be applied according to the following criteria:

  • 10-20 minutes
  • For 10 to 25 days
  • once a day basis

—Types of Electrodes :
Metal plate electrodes
Carbon rubber electrodes
Vacuum(suction) electrodes
Picture14Picture15
Picture16

  1. Metal plate electrodes:

—Metal plate of variable size encased in a sponge/lint pad
—Water socked / moistened  with water before application
——CONTINUATION…

  1. Carbon rubber electrodes:
  • Variable shape (circular/ square) made of rubber
  • Used with conducting gel
  1. Suction electrodes:
  • Flexible rubber cups
  • Electrode is kept at the base of cup and wire or lead is connected at narrow end.
  • Tube connects to the pump of the machine

——Continuation…
—Generally a soaked sponge is kept just below the electrodes so as to achieve even contact to skin and hence better conduction
—Advantage- of mild massage effect on the skin stimulate cutaneous sensory nerve endings causing vasodilation.
—Disadvantage-  can not be used if skin condition is poor (edema/ elderly patient)
—TECHNIQUE OF APPLICATION
Preparation of the apparatus:
—Checking the machine to ensure the knobs are at zero
—Any break in the electrodes and wires
—Preparation of the tray:
Pads/sponge
straps
Vaseline
Pillows and tools
—Continuation…
Preparation of the patient:

  • Explanation about the treatment
  • Expose the part
  • Check the contra indications
  • Skin sensation testing for pricking using cotton and pin
  • Wash the treatment part with saline to remove all grease/dirt.

—TECHNIQUE OF APPLICATION
—Positioning the patient
◦Comfortably with area to be treated adequately supported
Application:
◦Soak the pad/lint electrodes with 1% saline water
Methods of application:

  1. Quadripolar method
  2. Bipolar method
  3. Sterodynamic
  4. Labile method

—
—TECHNIQUE OF APPLICATION
1.Quadripolar method:
—  Via  4 electrodes

  1. a) Static quadripolar:

–The electrodes are placed diagonal to each other
–The interference takes place in the middle and  the clover pattern is static.
—Continuation…

  1. b) Vector quadripolar (dynamic interference)

–The electrodes are placed diagonal to each other
–The interference takes place in the middle and  the clover pattern rotate at angle of 45  degree.
2.Bi polar method:

  • Pre modulated method
  • Via using 2 electrodes
  • Modulated inside the machine.
  • 2 red or 2 black used.—

3.Sterodynamic system:

  • three pairs of electrodes are used
  • Machine provides three outputs
  • It reduces accommodation and provides three-
    dimensional interferential field
  • Although, with the aid of the two-field interferential current technique, the site of stimulation can be displaced into the depth of the body and, with appropriate equipment, it is not possible to involve all areas of the body within the stimulating effect. All the areas located outside of the area demarcated, are not stimulated, unless the electrodes are repositioned. If, however, a third field is added to the two existing fields, the resulting field strength vector can “move out of” the area and pass along any spatial direction, that is, can “reach” any structure within the area to be treated (spatial stimulation = stereo stimulation.

4.Labile Method:

  • Two labile electrodes are used for the treatment
    purpose
  • Operator moves them during the treatment

—Precautions:
Interferential apparatus must be kept at least 6meters distance away from shortwave diathermy apparatus
Otherwise circuit damage can occur or patient may experience a sudden surge of currents when the short wave diathermy machine is turned off
To avoid this a filter circuit can be used in interferential therapy machine
—Picture17
ADVANTAGE:
—Does not produce any sensory and motor irritation
—Metal is not contraindicated in interferential therapy
—Useful in treating tissues at greater depth
—Current is localized more effectively in specific areas
—Assignment
—Medium frequency currents
—Introduction
Principles
Frequency
—IFT
—Introduction
—Principle
—Physiological effects
—Therapeutic effects
—Indications and contraindications
—Dangers
—Dosage and application
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adminp

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